Mossberg 500 vs. 590: Which Shotgun Reigns Supreme?

Choosing the right shotgun can be a daunting task, especially when faced with two legendary models like the Mossberg 500 and the Mossberg 590. Both are renowned for their reliability, versatility, and affordability, making them popular choices for home defense, hunting, and recreational shooting. However, subtle yet significant differences exist between these two shotguns that can greatly influence your decision. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the Mossberg 500 vs. 590 debate, providing you with the expert knowledge needed to select the perfect shotgun for your specific needs.

We’ll explore their key features, dissect their advantages and disadvantages, and ultimately, help you determine which model offers the best value and performance. Whether you’re a seasoned shooter or a first-time gun owner, understanding the nuances between the Mossberg 500 and 590 is crucial for making an informed purchase. Our goal is to provide an unbiased, in-depth comparison, drawing on our experience and insights to offer practical guidance.

Decoding the Mossberg Legacy: 500 and 590 Explained

The Mossberg 500 and 590 are more than just shotguns; they represent a legacy of American firearms manufacturing. To truly understand the differences, it’s essential to explore the core concepts behind each model. The Mossberg 500, introduced in 1960, quickly gained popularity for its smooth action, modular design, and affordability. It became a staple for hunters and home defenders alike. The 590 emerged later, building upon the 500’s foundation but with a specific focus on durability and reliability under harsh conditions, often favored by law enforcement and military personnel.

At their core, both are pump-action shotguns, meaning the user manually cycles the action to load a new shell from the magazine. This simplicity contributes to their reliability. However, the key distinction lies in their construction and intended purpose. The 500 is designed as a versatile all-around shotgun, excelling in various roles, while the 590 is engineered for extreme durability and high-volume shooting.

Mossberg 590A1: The Gold Standard for Duty Shotguns

When discussing the Mossberg 590, it’s crucial to acknowledge the 590A1 variant. The 590A1 stands as the enhanced, heavy-duty version of the standard 590. The 590A1’s heavier barrel profile is a key difference between the standard 590 and the 500. The 590A1 also features an aluminum trigger guard and safety button, replacing the polymer parts found on the 500 and some standard 590 models. This makes the 590A1 a popular choice for law enforcement and military applications where durability and reliability are paramount.

Side-by-Side: Detailed Feature Analysis

Let’s delve into the specific features that differentiate the Mossberg 500 and 590, highlighting their individual strengths and weaknesses:

• Magazine Tube Capacity: The Mossberg 500 typically features a magazine tube capacity of 5+1 or 7+1 rounds (depending on the model and shell length). The 590, on the other hand, often boasts a higher capacity, ranging from 6+1 to 9+1 rounds, giving it a significant advantage in situations where firepower is critical.
• Magazine Tube Design: This is arguably the most significant difference. The 500 uses a magazine tube that is closed at the end, requiring the barrel to be removed for disassembly and cleaning. The 590 features an open-ended magazine tube with a removable cap, allowing for easier and faster cleaning and maintenance. This design is particularly beneficial in environments where the shotgun may be exposed to dirt, debris, or harsh weather conditions.
• Barrel Thickness: The 590 generally has a thicker barrel profile than the 500, especially the 590A1 variant. This added thickness contributes to increased durability and heat resistance, making it better suited for high-volume shooting and prolonged use.
• Trigger Housing and Safety Location: The Mossberg 500 and 590 both feature a tang-mounted safety, which is ambidextrous and easily accessible for both right- and left-handed shooters. However, the 590A1 often includes a metal trigger housing, whereas the 500 typically uses a polymer housing (though metal aftermarket options are available).
• Weight: Due to the heavier barrel and potentially larger magazine capacity, the 590 tends to be slightly heavier than the 500. This extra weight can help reduce felt recoil, but it may also make the shotgun less maneuverable for some users.
• Sling Mounts: Many 590 models come standard with sling mounts, making it easier to carry the shotgun for extended periods. While sling mounts can be added to the 500, they are not always included from the factory.
• Bayonet Lug: Certain 590A1 models are equipped with a bayonet lug, a feature primarily intended for military and law enforcement applications. This is not a standard feature on the 500.

Unlocking the Benefits: Advantages and Real-World Value

The advantages of the Mossberg 500 and 590 extend beyond their individual features. They offer tangible benefits that directly address user needs and solve common problems:

• Versatility: Both shotguns are incredibly versatile, capable of adapting to various roles with simple modifications. Barrels can be swapped to change the shotgun’s length and choke, allowing it to be used for hunting, home defense, or sporting clays.
• Reliability: The pump-action design of both models is inherently reliable, minimizing the risk of malfunctions. This is especially important in self-defense situations where a reliable firearm can be life-saving.
• Affordability: Compared to other shotguns on the market, the Mossberg 500 and 590 offer excellent value for their price. This makes them accessible to a wide range of users, from budget-conscious beginners to experienced shooters looking for a dependable backup gun.
• Customization: The aftermarket support for both shotguns is extensive, with a vast array of accessories and upgrades available. This allows users to customize their shotgun to their specific needs and preferences.
• Ease of Use: The simple design and intuitive controls of the Mossberg 500 and 590 make them easy to learn and operate, even for novice shooters.
• Home Defense Advantage: The shorter barrel lengths available for both the 500 and 590 make them ideal for maneuvering in tight spaces, a crucial advantage in a home defense scenario. The sound of a pump-action shotgun being racked is also a psychological deterrent to potential intruders.
• Hunting Applications: With the appropriate barrel and choke, both shotguns can be used for hunting a variety of game, from waterfowl to deer. The ability to quickly cycle through different types of ammunition is also beneficial in hunting situations.

In-Depth Review: Performance, Usability, and Value

To provide a comprehensive review, we’ve assessed the Mossberg 500 and 590 based on several key criteria:

User Experience & Usability: Both shotguns are relatively easy to use, with a smooth pump action and intuitive controls. The tang-mounted safety is a standout feature, offering ambidextrous operation. However, the 590’s easier magazine tube disassembly gives it a slight edge in terms of maintenance.

Performance & Effectiveness: In terms of raw performance, both shotguns are highly effective. They reliably cycle a wide range of ammunition and deliver consistent patterns. The 590’s heavier barrel may contribute to slightly reduced felt recoil, particularly with heavier loads.

Pros of the Mossberg 500:

• Affordable: Generally more budget-friendly than the 590.
• Lightweight: Easier to carry and maneuver, especially for smaller shooters.
• Versatile: Wide range of available models and configurations.
• Extensive Aftermarket Support: Huge selection of accessories and upgrades.
• Proven Track Record: A reliable and trusted platform for decades.

Cons/Limitations of the Mossberg 500:

• More Difficult Disassembly: Requires barrel removal for magazine tube cleaning.
• Polymer Trigger Housing (on some models): May not be as durable as metal alternatives.
• Lower Magazine Capacity (on some models): May be a disadvantage in certain situations.

Pros of the Mossberg 590:

• Durable Construction: Built to withstand harsh conditions and heavy use.
• Easy Disassembly: Removable magazine tube cap for quick cleaning.
• Higher Magazine Capacity (on some models): Increased firepower for self-defense or tactical applications.
• Metal Trigger Housing (on 590A1): Enhanced durability and reliability.
• Sling Mounts (on some models): Convenient for carrying the shotgun.

Cons/Limitations of the Mossberg 590:

• Higher Price: Generally more expensive than the 500.
• Heavier Weight: May be less comfortable to carry for extended periods.
• Can be Overkill for Basic Home Defense: The added durability may not be necessary for occasional use.

Ideal User Profile: The Mossberg 500 is best suited for budget-conscious shooters, hunters, and those seeking a versatile all-around shotgun. The Mossberg 590 is ideal for those who prioritize durability, reliability, and higher magazine capacity, such as law enforcement personnel, security professionals, or individuals who anticipate using their shotgun in demanding environments.

Key Alternatives: The Remington 870 is a classic pump-action shotgun that offers similar features and performance. The Benelli Nova is another popular option known for its robust construction and smooth action.

Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation: Both the Mossberg 500 and 590 are excellent shotguns that offer exceptional value and performance. The best choice depends on your individual needs and priorities. If you’re on a budget and need a versatile shotgun for various applications, the 500 is an excellent choice. If you prioritize durability, reliability, and higher magazine capacity, the 590 is the better option. Based on our extensive analysis, we recommend the Mossberg 590A1 for serious users who demand the utmost in reliability and performance.

Making Your Choice: Final Thoughts

The Mossberg 500 and 590 represent two sides of the same coin: both are reliable, versatile, and affordable pump-action shotguns. Understanding the nuances between them empowers you to make an informed decision based on your specific needs and priorities. Whether you choose the 500’s versatility or the 590’s ruggedness, you’ll be equipped with a dependable firearm that will serve you well for years to come. Share your experiences with the Mossberg 500 and 590 in the comments below; your insights can help others make the right choice.